Fire Fighting

• Smoke Detectors : These devices detect the presence of smoke and trigger alarms.
• Heat Detectors : Detect abnormal temperature increases indicating the presence of fire.
• Flame Detectors : Recognize infrared or ultraviolet radiation from flames.

• Alerts people within a building or facility about the presence of fire, enabling them to evacuate.
• Includes alarms, strobe lights, and voice evacuation systems.

• Sprinkler Systems : Automatically release water to extinguish fires. These can be wet, dry, or pre-action types, depending on the environment.
• Fire Extinguishers : Portable devices to manually put out small fires. Types include water, foam, dry powder, CO2, and wet chemical extinguishers.
• Gaseous Fire Suppression Systems : Use gases such as CO2, FM-200, or Inergen to suppress fires in sensitive areas where water could cause damage (e.g., server rooms).
• Fire Hose Reels and Hydrants : Fixed water delivery systems that allow fire personnel or building occupants to fight fires manually.

• Fire Pumps : Pumps that ensure adequate water pressure to sprinkler systems, hydrants, and hose reels.
• Water Tanks or Reservoirs : Stores water to be used in fire suppression.
• Valves and Controls : Manual and automatic valves to control water or foam distribution in the system.

• Emergency Lighting : Ensures that exit routes are visible during a power failure due to a fire.
• Exit Signs : Clearly indicate evacuation routes to ensure safe exit during an emergency.
• Fire Blankets : Used to smother small fires, especially for cooking-related incidents.

• Includes the arrangement of evacuation routes, safe assembly areas, and procedures for emergency evacuations.
• Regular fire drills and safety training for building occupants.

• Wet Pipe Systems : The most common type, where water is constantly in the pipes, ready to be activated when a sprinkler head is triggered.
• Dry Pipe Systems : Pipes are filled with pressurized air, and water is only introduced when the system is activated, typically used in freezing climates.
• Pre-Action Systems : A combination of wet and dry systems, where water is introduced only after specific triggers (like smoke detection) are activated.
• Deluge Systems : Sprinklers are open and allow water to flow through all heads when activated. Commonly used in high-risk areas, like chemical storage.

• NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) standards (NFPA 13, NFPA 72, NFPA 25, etc.).
• Local building codes and fire regulations.
• ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards for fire safety (e.g., ISO 9001, ISO 14001).

• Regular inspection of fire extinguishers, sprinklers, and alarms.
• Testing fire pumps, hydrants, and suppression systems.
• Replacing expired or damaged equipment.